我们为神经机翻译（NMT）提供了一个开源工具包。新工具包主要基于拱形变压器（Vaswani等，2017）以及下面详述的许多其他改进，以便创建一个独立的，易于使用，一致和全面的各个领域的机器翻译任务框架。它是为了支持双语和多语言翻译任务的工具，从构建各个语料库的模型开始推断新的预测或将模型打包给提供功能的JIT格式。

In this work, we propose a new approach that combines data from multiple sensors for reliable obstacle avoidance. The sensors include two depth cameras and a LiDAR arranged so that they can capture the whole 3D area in front of the robot and a 2D slide around it. To fuse the data from these sensors, we first use an external camera as a reference to combine data from two depth cameras. A projection technique is then introduced to convert the 3D point cloud data of the cameras to its 2D correspondence. An obstacle avoidance algorithm is then developed based on the dynamic window approach. A number of experiments have been conducted to evaluate our proposed approach. The results show that the robot can effectively avoid static and dynamic obstacles of different shapes and sizes in different environments.

在社交媒体上传播谣言对社会构成了重要威胁，因此最近提出了各种谣言检测技术。然而，现有的工作重点是\ emph {what}实体构成谣言，但几乎没有支持理解\ emph {为什么}实体已被归类为这样。这样可以防止对检测的谣言以及对策设计的有效评估。在这项工作中，我们认为，可以通过过去检测到的相关谣言的例子来给出检测到的谣言的解释。一系列类似的谣言有助于用户概括，即了解控制谣言的探测的特性。由于通常使用特征声明的图表对社交媒体的谣言传播通常是建模的，因此我们提出了一种逐个示例的方法，鉴于谣言图，它从过去的谣言中提取了$ k $最相似和最多的子图。挑战是所有计算都需要快速评估图之间的相似性。为了在流式设置中实现该方法的有效和适应性实现，我们提出了一种新颖的图表学习技术，并报告了实施注意事项。我们的评估实验表明，我们的方法在为各种谣言传播行为提供有意义的解释方面优于基线技术。

我们研究了两种可能不同质量的度量之间的不平衡最佳运输（UOT），其中最多是$ n $组件，其中标准最佳运输（OT）的边际约束是通过kullback-leibler差异与正则化因子$ \ tau $放松的。尽管仅在文献中分析了具有复杂性$ o \ big（\ tfrac {\ tau n^2 \ log（n）} {\ varepsilon} \ log \ big（\ tfrac {\ log（ n）} {{{\ varepsilon}} \ big）\ big）$）$用于实现错误$ \ varepsilon $，它们与某些深度学习模型和密集的输出运输计划不兼容，强烈阻碍了实用性。虽然被广泛用作计算现代深度学习应用中UOT的启发式方法，并且在稀疏的OT中表现出成功，但尚未正式研究用于UOT的梯度方法。为了填补这一空白，我们提出了一种基于梯度外推法（Gem-uot）的新颖算法，以找到$ \ varepsilon $ -Approximate解决方案，以解决$ o \ big中的UOT问题（\ kappa n^2 \ log \ log \ big（big） \ frac {\ tau n} {\ varepsilon} \ big）\ big）$，其中$ \ kappa $是条件号，具体取决于两个输入度量。我们的算法是通过优化平方$ \ ell_2 $ -norm UOT目标的新的双重配方设计的，从而填补了缺乏稀疏的UOT文献。最后，我们在运输计划和运输距离方面建立了UOT和OT之间近似误差的新颖表征。该结果阐明了一个新的主要瓶颈，该瓶颈被强大的OT文献忽略了：尽管OT放松了OT，因为UOT承认对离群值的稳健性，但计算出的UOT距离远离原始OT距离。我们通过基于Gem-uot从UOT中检索的原则方法来解决此类限制，并使用微调的$ \ tau $和后进程投影步骤来解决。关于合成和真实数据集的实验验证了我们的理论，并证明了我们的方法的良好性能。

联邦学习（FL）最近成为网络攻击检测系统的有效方法，尤其是在互联网上（物联网）网络。通过在IOT网关中分配学习过程，FL可以提高学习效率，降低通信开销并增强网络内人检测系统的隐私。在这种系统中实施FL的挑战包括不同物联网中的数据特征的标记数据和不可用的不可用。在本文中，我们提出了一种新的协作学习框架，利用转移学习（TL）来克服这些挑战。特别是，我们开发一种新颖的协作学习方法，使目标网络能够有效地和快速学习来自拥有丰富标记数据的源网络的知识。重要的是，最先进的研究要求网络的参与数据集具有相同的特征，从而限制了入侵检测系统的效率，灵活性以及可扩展性。但是，我们所提出的框架可以通过在各种深度学习模型中交换学习知识来解决这些问题，即使他们的数据集具有不同的功能。关于最近的真实网络安全数据集的广泛实验表明，与基于最先进的深度学习方法相比，拟议的框架可以提高超过40％。

随着人类生活中的许多实际应用，包括制造监控摄像机，分析和加工客户行为，许多研究人员都注明了对数字图像的面部检测和头部姿势估计。大量提出的深度学习模型具有最先进的准确性，如YOLO，SSD，MTCNN，解决了面部检测或HOPENET的问题，FSA-NET，用于头部姿势估计问题的速度。根据许多最先进的方法，该任务的管道由两部分组成，从面部检测到头部姿势估计。这两个步骤完全独立，不共享信息。这使得模型在设置中清除但不利用每个模型中提取的大部分特色资源。在本文中，我们提出了多任务净模型，具有利用从面部检测模型提取的特征的动机，将它们与头部姿势估计分支共享以提高精度。此外，随着各种数据，表示面部的欧拉角域大，我们的模型可以预测360欧拉角域的结果。应用多任务学习方法，多任务净模型可以同时预测人头的位置和方向。为了提高预测模型的头部方向的能力，我们将人脸从欧拉角呈现到旋转矩阵的载体。

头部姿势估计是一个具有挑战性的任务，旨在解决与预测三维向量相关的问题，这为人机互动或客户行为中的许多应用程序提供服务。以前的研究提出了一些用于收集头部姿势数据的精确方法。但这些方法需要昂贵的设备，如深度摄像机或复杂的实验室环境设置。在这项研究中，我们引入了一种新的方法，以有效的成本和易于设置，以收集头部姿势图像，即UET-HEADBETS数据集，具有顶视图头姿势数据。该方法使用绝对方向传感器而不是深度摄像机快速设置，但仍然可以确保良好的效果。通过实验，我们的数据集已显示其分发和可用数据集之间的差异，如CMU Panoptic DataSet \ Cite {CMU}。除了使用UET符号数据集和其他头部姿势数据集外，我们还介绍了称为FSANET的全范围模型，这显着优于UET-HEALPETS数据集的头部姿势估计结果，尤其是在顶视图上。此外，该模型非常重量轻，占用小尺寸图像。

In recent years, mobile devices are equipped with increasingly advanced sensing and computing capabilities. Coupled with advancements in Deep Learning (DL), this opens up countless possibilities for meaningful applications, e.g., for medical purposes and in vehicular networks. Traditional cloudbased Machine Learning (ML) approaches require the data to be centralized in a cloud server or data center. However, this results in critical issues related to unacceptable latency and communication inefficiency. To this end, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) has been proposed to bring intelligence closer to the edge, where data is produced. However, conventional enabling technologies for ML at mobile edge networks still require personal data to be shared with external parties, e.g., edge servers. Recently, in light of increasingly stringent data privacy legislations and growing privacy concerns, the concept of Federated Learning (FL) has been introduced. In FL, end devices use their local data to train an ML model required by the server. The end devices then send the model updates rather than raw data to the server for aggregation. FL can serve as an enabling technology in mobile edge networks since it enables the collaborative training of an ML model and also enables DL for mobile edge network optimization. However, in a large-scale and complex mobile edge network, heterogeneous devices with varying constraints are involved. This raises challenges of communication costs, resource allocation, and privacy and security in the implementation of FL at scale. In this survey, we begin with an introduction to the background and fundamentals of FL. Then, we highlight the aforementioned challenges of FL implementation and review existing solutions. Furthermore, we present the applications of FL for mobile edge network optimization. Finally, we discuss the important challenges and future research directions in FL.

We introduce an approach for the answer-aware question generation problem. Instead of only relying on the capability of strong pre-trained language models, we observe that the information of answers and questions can be found in some relevant sentences in the context. Based on that, we design a model which includes two modules: a selector and a generator. The selector forces the model to more focus on relevant sentences regarding an answer to provide implicit local information. The generator generates questions by implicitly combining local information from the selector and global information from the whole context encoded by the encoder. The model is trained jointly to take advantage of latent interactions between the two modules. Experimental results on two benchmark datasets show that our model is better than strong pre-trained models for the question generation task. The code is also available (shorturl.at/lV567).

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.